This in turn creates increasing friction between protected area managers, and local communities living in the regions that border these protected areas. The purpose of the study was to assess the factors influencing human wildlife conflict in communities living around lake nakuru national park. Humanwildlife conflict will be essential reading for graduate students and established researchers in the field of marine conservation biology. Humanwildlife conflict management a practitioners guide. Humanwildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and humans, and the. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage humanwildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use. In order to accomplish this study, the study objectives were. Can we actually turn landscapes of humanwildlife conflict into landscapes of. It will also be a valuable reference for a global audience of conservation practitioners, wildlife managers, and other conservation professionals. The paper discusses the occurrence of human wildlife conflict, when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating reduction of resources or life to some people. It occurs when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating reduction of resources or life to some people andor wild animals. Aug 28, 2014 definition humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment.
This conflict over natural resources, especially land and water, is the root cause of humanwildlife conflict. This conflict occurs when habitats start overlapping and interaction becomes inevitable. Four sample areas were selected to collect data on humanwildlife. Human wildlife conflict international wildlife museum. Oct 26, 2006 this manual is designed to guide local communities, wildlife managers, policy makers, and other people involved in community conservation, in ways to reduce human wildlife conflict. The majority of humanwildlife conflict hwc incidents occur around the edges of protected areas and it is the local communities who bear the cost of crop loss, livestock predation, human injury and sometimes, even death. Hwc also occurs when humans deliberately injure, abuse, or kill wildlife because of perceived or actual threats to their property, livelihoods, lifestyle, person, or family. Human wildlife conflict mitigation indogerman biodiversity. Michael hutchins and i explore humanwildlife interactions from a global perspective. They occur on all continents, in developed as well as developing countries, yet. Humanwildlife conflict hwc arises when animals pose a direct threat to the livelihood or safety of people and this results in persecution of that species. Humanwildlife conflict hwc has a history that is as old as human civilization. If the conflict is happening in a poor community, for example, most of the time people are too concerned about meeting basic needs to really think about conservation.
The world resources institute 1995 report revealed that the habitat loss in tanzania was a. We also offer guidance for designing and implementing wildlife damage management programs. Together with the kenya wildlife service, ol pejeta has the capacity to move wildlife out of certain areas, and to trim the tusks of notorious fencebreaking elephants. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, janmejay sethy and others published humanwildlife conflict.
Amendment act act 5 of 1996 provides a measures for human wildlife conflict legislative basis for the control of problem causing management. Expanding urban centers have created increasing humanwildlife conflicts, with interactions between human and. Human wildlife conflict african wildlife foundation. Conflict between people and animals is one of the main threats to the continued survival of many species in different parts of the world, and is also a significant threat to local human populatons. To examine competition over resources as a factor influencing human wildlife conflict, to establish human encroachment to protected areas. Fund for nature southern african regional programme office. According to the world conservation union, it occurs when human populations overlap with wildlife requirements resulting in costs to both native residents and animals distefano 2004. Humanwildlife conflicts in tanzania proceedings of the 1 st university wide conference, 5 th 7 april 2000. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a serious threat to the survival of many endangered species in the world. It is based on this reasons that humanwildlife conflict is particularly prevalent in the continent. Regional consultations for input on the revised national policy on human wildlife conflict which commenced on 15 september are underway. Developing strategies to mitigate human wildlife conflict. The aim of human wildlife conflict management is to by wildlife.
An animal or bird becomes a problem animal when it competes at an unacceptable level for human resources or becomes a danger to human life. Humanwildlife conflict worldwide tanzania natural resource. Factors influencing human wildlife conflict in communities. What research and extension could offer to conflict resolution shemwetta, d. Wildlife crop damage sustained at household level can. The growing conflict between humans and wildlife india. A practitioners guidewas developed with this purpose. Review of literature 7 humanwildlife conflict is a global issue, which has been extensively studied all over the world. Human wildlife conflict will be essential reading for graduate students and established researchers in the field of marine conservation biology. Africa is a continent with lots of wildlife and the people predominantly lived in rural areas and many people engaged in primary production such as farming, nomadic herding, fishing and mining. Humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature wwf as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impacts on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment.
In his responses to my questions, the noted wildlife biologist provides an array of examples of conflict, solutions to some of these pressing conserva. It is based on this reasons that human wildlife conflict is particularly prevalent in the continent. Humanwildlife conflict in awf heartlands conflicts between human and wildlife have been. Sep 22, 2016 regional consultations for input on the revised national policy on human wildlife conflict which commenced on 15 september are underway. Apr 22, 2012 the human wildlife conflict is defined as the negative impact on either animals, humans or on either ones environment due to shared habitat andor resources. Oct 27, 2014 human wildlife conflict is the conflict which occurs between the human being and the representatives of the wildlife.
Over 400 species of insects, mammals and birds from around the globe. A case study on human wildlife conflict in nepal with particular reference to human elephant conflict in eastern and western terai regions submitted to species program wwf international submitted by wwf nepal 1 1 report has been prepared by dr rinjin shrestha, phd. This paper documents the farmers views rather than. Human wildlife conflict is a hyphenated term because humans are deeply involved in it, and if you focus only on the wildlife you wont get very far. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Practical mitigation of human wildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in. Humanwildlife conflict in africa food and agriculture organization. Oct 05, 2014 the purpose of this research was to identify the type of human wildlife conflicts and wild mammals that cause the conflict, determine the extent of damage and to provide a better understanding of the causes of human wildlife conflict in wondo genet district. This manual is designed to guide local communities, wildlife managers, policy makers, and other people involved in community conservation, in ways to reduce humanwildlife conflict. Ppt wildlife and human conflict powerpoint presentation. Definition humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. The case studies from countries all over the world demonstrate the severity of the conflict and suggest that greater in depth analysis of the conflict is needed in order to avoid overlooking the problem and undermining the. Dozens of mechanisms and strategies have been initiated in an effort to reduce and manage human wildlife conflicts and provide longterm solution to the prevalent resource use.
Humanwildlife conflict management cornell university. Transforming social conflict to create sustainable. Issues and managements find, read and cite all the. Inquiries by researchers at cornell and other institutions and agencies have shed light on stakeholder concerns about their interactions. Natural wildlife territory is overlaps with the humans existence and various forms of humanwildlife conflict occur with various negative results.
It provides some background on the problem and gives specific examples of methods used to reduce human wildlife conflict in southern africa. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice in a wildliferich region of kenya. If solutions to conflicts are not adequate, local support for conservation also declines. The conflict that occurs between people and wildlife when animals leave protected areas and raid their crops is becoming one of the largest problems for conservation managers around the world. Human wildlife conflict in india people and wildlife. The purpose of this research was to identify the type of human wildlife conflicts and wild mammals that cause the conflict, determine the extent of damage and to provide a better understanding of the causes of humanwildlife conflict in wondo genet district. Humanwildlife conflict on small, subsistence farms in kenya.
In this essay i will be discussing the negative and positive effects of humans interacting with wild animals and the effects it has on the environment. Human wildlife conflict is usually depicted as the conflict that occur between the people and wildlife woodroffe et al 2005, actions by either humans or wildlife that affects the other adversely conover 2001, the perception that the safety, health, property and food of the. Wildlifecampus human wildlife conflicts 4 human wildlife conflict resolution wildlifecampus where do we strike a balance. Human wildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. Practical mitigation of humanwildlife conflict is critical to the success of conservation in tsavo conservation area tca and wildlife conservation in kenya in general. May 01, 2017 definition humanwildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature as any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impact on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment. Barnes2 2006 1 independent environment and development consultant. In this guide we share insights about stakeholders with respect to wildlife damage issues. Mar 09, 20 in our fifth interview in a series on environmental issues, dr. In his responses to my questions, the noted wildlife biologist provides an array of examples of. May 17, 2017 this conflict over natural resources, especially land and water, is the root cause of human wildlife conflict. In our fifth interview in a series on environmental issues, dr. Conflicts between humans and wildlife have occurred since the dawn of humanity. Ensure responses come from different conservancies.
Humanwildlife conflict refers to the interaction between wild animals and people and the resultant negative impact on people or their resources, or wild animals or their habitat. It provides some background on the problem and gives specific examples of methods used to reduce humanwildlife conflict in southern africa. Review of literature 7 human wildlife conflict is a global issue, which has been extensively studied all over the world. The paper discusses the occurrence of humanwildlife conflict, when growing human populations overlap with established wildlife territory, creating reduction of resources or life to some people. This type of conflict has always existed in the natural environment, because it is obvious that animals of different species treat the human being as an opponent, threat or a target for hunting.
Humanwildlife conflict using gis to identify potential for conflict between humans and wildlife in massachusetts presented by larry dennison for gph 903 on december, 2011. Frequent meetings are held with farmers and pastoralists in the area, where wildlife movements can be shared and discussed, as can ways to. Research proposal on human wildlife conflict az writing. Humanwildlife conflict a priority environment namibian sun. Throughout the year over 190 villages have been interviewed to determine the level of conflict villages have with wildlife. It is not a new phenomenon, but the scale and scope of this conflict has been growing exponentially over time, and is likely to do so indefinitely, given indias ever. Introduction investigating the human behavioral aspects of wildlife damage management for over 25 years. Humanwildlife conflict, interspecies disease, and justice. Keywords humanwildlife conflict, coexistence, wildlife damage, conservation, human dimensions. In india, hwc manifests itself in several ways, such as wildlife poaching, retaliatory killing ofinjury to wildlife species, crop raiding and livestock predation by wildlife species, injury to humans or human mortality, and destruction of property, houses and buildings by wildlife. Humanwildlife conflict hwc is fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the sumatran tiger panthera tigris sumatrae and the asian lion panthera leo persica, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard uncia uncia and the red colobus monkey procolocus kirkii. Causes and mitigation measures in tsavo conservation area, kenya stanley m. Human wildlife conflict human wildlife conflict hwc is a significant and critical threat to conservation across the world nyhus et al.
The majority of human wildlife conflict hwc incidents occur around the edges of protected areas and it is the local communities who bear the cost of crop loss, livestock predation, human injury and sometimes, even death. This change coincided with the inaugural issue of its academic journal, humanwildlife con. Cases of humanwildlife conflict are common, and both sides suffer the consequences. Human wildlife conflict is a highly politicized issue that evokes heated opinions and, often, kneejerk responses. What are the consequences to humans and to wildlife of hwc. I will also discuss how the media plays a role in this issue and will use local and global examples to support my argument that on a large scale. Humanwildlife conflict is a hyphenated term because humans are deeply involved in it, and if you focus only on the wildlife you wont get very far. Around the world, social conflicts related to conservation issues are serious obstacles to both wildlife conservation efforts and local communities way of life. The primary audience for this guide is state and federal wild. A case study on humanwildlife conflict in nepal with particular reference to humanelephant conflict in eastern and western terai regions submitted to species program wwf international submitted by wwf nepal 1 1 report has been prepared by dr rinjin shrestha, phd. Hwc affects most large carnivores, elephants, pigs, deer, primates, sharks, seals, birds of prey, crocodiles. Michael hutchins and i explore human wildlife interactions from a global perspective. The government has received flak of late on the current legislation that is outdated with very low rates of compensation for damage inflicted by wildlife, as well as what has been described in particular by communities in the kunene and zambezi regions, as a. Recent literature on human wildlife conflict and its control measures are given below.
This collaboration has succeeded in cutting down instances of crop raid and conflict. The study was carried out from december 20 to june 20. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Lessons learned from awfs african heartlands 4 preventive measures measures that can prevent or minimise the risk of conflicts arising between people and animals include the extreme one of completely removing either the people or the animals, physically separating the two by. Conflicts become more intense where livestock holdings and agriculture are an important part of rural livelihoods.
Write up responses on a flipchart sheet or ask a volunteer to do so under the heading effects of human wildlife conflict. All other publications of this project can be accessed via the resources section on this website, by selecting the topic human wildlife conflict mitigation to learn about the project activities visit our news from the projects and media coverage section and selecting the topic human wildlife conflict mitigation. The government has received flak of late on the current legislation that is outdated with very low rates of compensation for damage inflicted by wildlife, as well as what has been described in particular by communities in the kunene and zambezi regions. Wildlifehuman conflicts whc are a serious obstacle to wildlife conservation and the. Humanwildlife conflict is the conflict which occurs between the human being and the representatives of the wildlife. View human wildlife conflict research papers on academia. Recent literature on humanwildlife conflict and its control measures are given below. Human wildlife conflicts course our humanwildlife conflict course examines problem animals in the wildlife management context. Both due to their biogeographical and social characteristics, developing regions of the world such as south and southeast asia are particularly vulnerable to this problem. Good relations with surrounding communities allow ol pejetas ranger and community teams to intervene is these cases. This course explores these conflicts and resolutions. Human wildlife conflict is defined as any event in which animals injure, destroy or damage human life or property including the destruction of crops and are killed, injured. The growing human population,deforestation,loss of habitat and decline in their prey species are few major reason behind the human wildlife conflict in india.
Over the last year the victoria falls wildlife trust has been conducting a human wildlife conflict project in the hwange rural district communal lands bordering victoria falls. Wildlife and human conflict habitat destruction habitats can be destroyed by natural causes, human actions, and pollution natural causes. Please note, the resources listed in the document library are intended to highlight some of the key papers and resources for humanwildlife conflict topics and species, they have been populated with input from iucn ssc groups, tf members and external experts. View humanwildlife conflict research papers on academia. Transforming social conflict to create sustainable solutions.